วันศุกร์ที่ 7 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2554

Comparative and Superlative


 

 

One-syllable adjectives.

Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by adding –er for the comparative form and –est for the superlative.
One-Syllable AdjectiveComparative FormSuperlative Form
talltallertallest
oldolderoldest
longlongerlongest
  • Mary is taller than Max.
  • Mary is the tallest of all the students.
  • Max is older than John.
  • Of the three students, Max is the oldest.

If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add –r for the comparative form and –st for the superlative form.
One-Syllable Adjective with Final -eComparative FormSuperlative Form
largelargerlargest
wisewiserwisest
  • Mary's car is larger than Max's car.
  • Mary's house is the tallest of all the houses on the block.


If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before it, double the consonant and add –er for the comparative form; and double the consonant and add –est for the superlative form.


One-Syllable Adjective Ending with a Single Consonant with a Single Vowel before ItComparative FormSuperlative Form
bigbiggerbiggest
thinthinnerthinnest
fatfatterfattest
  • My dog is bigger than your dog.
  • My dog is the biggest of all the dogs in the neighborhood.
  • Max is thinner than John.
  • Of all the students in the class, Max is the thinnest.

Two-syllable adjectives.

With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most.

Two-Syllable AdjectiveComparative FormSuperlative Form
peacefulmore peacefulmost peaceful
pleasantmore pleasantmost pleasant
carefulmore carefulmost careful
thoughtfulmore thoughtfulmost thoughtful
  • This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning.
  • Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world.


If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y, change the y to i and add –er for the comparative form. For the superlative form change the y to i and add –est.

Two-Syllable Adjective Ending with -yComparative FormSuperlative Form
happyhappierhappiest
angryangrierangriest
busybusierbusiest
  • John is happier today than he was yesterday.
  • John is the happiest boy in the world.
  • Max is angrier than Mary.
  • Of all of John's victims, Max is the angriest.


Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, -le, or –ow take –er and –est to form the comparative and superlative forms.

Two-Syllable Adjective Ending with -er, -le, or -owComparative FormSuperlative Form
narrownarrowernarrowest
gentlegentlergentlest
  • The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.
  • This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.
  • Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.
  • Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.

Adjectives with three or more syllables.

For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most.

Adjective with Three or More SyllablesComparative FormSuperlative Form
generousmore generousmost generous
importantmore importantmost important
intelligentmore intelligentmost intelligent
  • John is more generous than Jack.
  • John is the most generous of all the people I know.

Exceptions.

Irregular adjectives.

Irregular AdjectiveComparative FormSuperlative Form
goodbetterbest
badworseworst
farfartherfarthest
littlelessleast
manymoremost
  • Italian food is better than American food.
  • My dog is the best dog in the world.
Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can be used with -er and -est and with more and most.

Two-Syllable AdjectiveComparative FormSuperlative Form
clever
cleverer
cleverest
clever
more clever
most clever
gentle
gentler
gentlest
gentle
more gentle
most gentle
friendly
friendlier
friendliest
friendly
more friendly
most friendly
quiet
quieter
quietest
quietmore quietmost quiet




Exercise of Comparative and Superlative
Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative).
  1. My house is (big) than yours.
  2. This flower is (beautiful) than that one.
  3. This is the (interesting) book I have ever read.
  4. Non-smokers usually live (long) than smokers.
  5. Which is the (dangerous) animal in the world?
  6. A holiday by the sea is (good) than a holiday in the mountains.
  7. It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) than a beer.
  8. Who is the (rich) woman on earth?
  9. The weather this summer is even (bad) than last summer.
  10. He was the (clever) thief of all.
Other exercise
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/compsup.html
http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.comp2.p.htm

Resouces

http://www.eflnet.com/tutorials/adjcompsup.php
http://anthonyhalderman.com/english/compsup.htm
http://www.eslbase.com/grammar/comparative-superlative
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/compsup.html

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